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Lots of other Scientologist-run companies and organizations come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses the use of Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directory sites of WISE-affiliated companies. WISE requires those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be undertaken at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which provides a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another widely known WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - is scientology a religion. Internet ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to assist in the continued expansion of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of effective or reputable individuals. Though it has actually attained some reliability as a religion in many countries, Scientology has also been explained as both a cult and an industrial enterprise.

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For example, it has been kept in mind to participate in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by identifying as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, several Scientology members were founded guilty for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government files in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of scams, manslaughter and damaging witnesses in French cases, harmful libel versus attorney Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of exposure" might be perceived as "threatening to developed social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS ended up being the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the IRS stripped all US-based Scientology entities of why not try here their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Debate followed the church on those years, but its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years trying to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was ultimately settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had actually at first demandedand why not check here the IRS recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.




Scientology mentions its tax exemption as proof the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to examine, as determined in a web poll run by the presidential shift group getting public input for the incoming administration. Scientology Perth opening.

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State Department has actually slammed Western European countries for discrimination against Scientologists in its published yearly International Religious Freedom report, based upon the International Religious Flexibility Act of 1998. In some countries Scientology is treated legally as an industrial business, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent out to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of related terms, including L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, right here the owner of the trademarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on people and groups who try to use it in ways unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal protection for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was developed with its head office located at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Workplace (later on relabelled the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted staff from Bureau One later arranged and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal agencies ever committed by a company not associated with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime dedicated by these defendants is of a breadth and scope formerly unprecedented. No building, office, desk, or file was safe from their sleuthing and prying. No individual or company was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has likewise in the past utilized aggressive methods in dealing with those it sees as attempting to suppress them, understood as Suppressive Persons (SPs) initially detailed by Hubbard as part of a policy called fair video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper understood to have actually been handled by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which might have sent Cooper to prison for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was found at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.